GEMAC calibrates every sensor at the factory. During this process, the position of the axes within the sensor (Figure 1) is also determined.

Each sensor has a mounting edge. One axis is parallel to this outer edge of the sensor, while the other is perpendicular to it (Figure 2).

When using the application, make sure that the slope being measured corresponds exactly to these measurement axes. GEMAC Chemnitz recommends ensuring this by aligning the edge of the structure. Rotation around the Z-axis will cause a measurement error.

The problem is most obvious when rotating 90 degrees. If the tilt is to be measured along the X-axis, the sensor displays the tilt along the Y-axis, and vice versa.

In the following example, a GEMAC MOTUS® is to measure an inclination. The direction of the inclination axis to be measured is defined in the application not by an edge of the structure, but by four precisely machined mounting points. The sensor’s mounting holes have a diameter of 5.8 mm. According to the manual, the sensor is to be secured with M5 screws. This results in a theoretically possible misalignment of 0.5° (Figure 3). If the mounting points are not exactly aligned with the desired measurement direction, additional errors occur.

Figure 1: Sensor axes, using the GEMAC MOTUS® as an example
Figure 2: Position of the axes relative to the feed edge
Figure 3: Mounting points and tolerances

In this example, only the X-axis is tilted; the Y-axis remains at 0°. The following tables show that the tilt primarily distorts the display of the untilted Y-axis.

Target angle
X-axis [°]
0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (X-axis) [°]0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (Y-axis) [°]0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00
Table 1: Skew of 0°
Target angle
X-axis [°]
0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (X-axis) [°]0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0089,90
Display angle (Y-axis) [°]0,000,000,010,020,050,070,090,100,10
Table 2: Skew of 0.1°
Target angle
X-axis [°]
0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (X-axis) [°]0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0079,9989,50
Display angle (Y-axis) [°]0,000,010,040,090,250,350,430,490,50
Table 3: Skew of 0.5°
Target angle
X-axis [°]
0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (X-axis) [°]0,001,005,0010,0029,9944,9959,9879,9589,00
Display angle (Y-axis) [°]0,000,020,090,170,500,710,870,981,00
Table 4: Skew of 1°
Target angle
X-axis [°]
0,001,005,0010,0030,0045,0060,0080,0090,00
Display angle (X-axis) [°]0,001,004,989,9629,8744,7859,6278,8385,00
Display angle (Y-axis) [°]0,000,090,440,872,503,534,334,925,00
Table 4: Skew of 5°